In order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must _____

Here is the answer and explanation to In order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must _____

The plasmid is widely present in the biological world, ranging from bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, macrofungi, yeast to plants and even human organisms. This biology question is about the plasmid and gene.

In order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must _____

Plasmid

The plasmid is widely present in the biological world, ranging from bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, macrofungi, yeast to plants and even human organisms.

In terms of molecular composition, there are DNA plasmids and RNA plasmids. In terms of molecular conformation, there are linear plasmids and cyclic plasmids. The phenotypes are also diverse. Bacterial plasmids are the most commonly used vectors in genetic engineering.

The plasmid is a DNA molecule found outside the chromosome in organisms such as bacteria, yeast, and actinomycetes, and is found in the cytoplasm. And the exception is yeast, where the 2 μm plasmid is present in the nucleus.

The plasmid has the ability to replicate autonomously, allowing it to maintain a constant copy number even in daughter cells and express the genetic information it carries. It is a double-stranded DNA molecule in a closed loop. A plasmid is not essential for bacterial growth and reproduction and can be lost by itself or eliminated by artificial treatment.

For example, high temperature, UV light, etc. The genetic information carried by plasmids can confer certain biological traits to the host bacterium, which facilitate the survival of bacteria under specific environmental conditions.

Like the bacterial genome, plasmids are covalently closed circular DNA.

Classification of Plasmid

The plasmid can be classified into splice plasmids and non-splice plasmids according to whether the plasmid can pass the splicing action of bacteria.

Splice plasmids carry genes related to splice delivery. Non-splicing plasmids are transmitted under certain conditions through the induction or transduction of splice plasmids that coexist with them.

Plasmids can be divided into two categories based on their type of replication in bacteria: tightly controlled and loosely controlled.

Tightly controlled plasmids have a replication enzyme system that is shared with chromosomal DNA replication and can only replicate at certain stages of the cell cycle. When the cell chromosome stops replicating, the plasmid stops replicating.

The replication enzymes of loosely controlled plasmids are not affected by the chromosomal DNA replication enzymes and can replicate at any time throughout the cell growth cycle. Plasmids can continue to replicate when chromosome replication has ceased.

Depending on the incompatibility of plasmids, they can be classified as incompatible and compatible.

Incompatibility refers to the phenomenon that structurally similar and closely related plasmids cannot coexist stably in the same host bacteria, and vice versa for compatibility. It is commonly used in epidemiological investigations.

Function of Plasmid

Plasmids have the ability to replicate autonomously, allowing them to maintain a constant copy number even in daughter cells and express the genetic information they carry.

Bacterial plasmids are commonly used as vectors in DNA recombination technology. A vector is a tool for delivering a useful exogenous gene into a recipient cell for proliferation and expression by means of genetic engineering.

A fragment of a target gene is recombinantly inserted into a plasmid to constitute a recombinant gene or recombinant. This recombinant is then transferred into the recipient cell by microbiological transformation techniques so that the target gene in the recombinant can be propagated or expressed in the recipient bacterium. Thus, the original traits of the host cell are changed or new material is produced.

Therefore, in order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must be cut by the same restriction enzyme.

Restriction enzyme

The Restriction enzyme is a class of enzymes used to recognize a specific deoxyribonucleotide sequence and cleave the phosphodiester bond between two deoxyribonucleotides at specific sites in each strand.

A restriction enzyme is used for physical mapping of DNA genomes, localization of genes and gene isolation, base sequence analysis of DNA molecules, comparing related DNA molecules and genetic engineering, and performing genetic engineering editing.

Correct Answer

This is the correct answer to In order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must _____

In order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must be cut by the same restriction enzyme

You might interest in: