This is the answer and explanation to ATP is Synthesized by Substrate-level Phosphorylation during Which of the following?
ATP is made up of adenine, ribose and 3 phosphate groups linked together. It releases more energy upon hydrolysis and is the most direct source of energy in living organisms.
ATP is Synthesized by Substrate-level Phosphorylation during Which of the following?
- Krebs cycle only
- glycolysis and the Krebs cycle only
- glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and during conversion of pyruvate to lactate
- conversion of pyruvate to lactate only
- glycolysis only
The correct answer is below.
ATP molecules
What does ATP mean？
ATP molecular short formula A-P~P~P, the A in the formula represents adenosine, T represents three, P represents phosphate group, ‘-‘ represents ordinary phosphate bond, ‘~’ represents a special kind of chemical bond called high-energy phosphate bond.
When the ATP molecule is hydrolyzed, it actually refers to the hydrolysis of the high-energy phosphate bond in the ATP molecule. The energy released during the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds is as much as 30.54 kJ/mol. Therefore, ATP is a high-energy phosphate compound in the cell.
ATP is a high-energy phosphate compound. In the cell, it can store and release energy by interconversion with ADP. This ensures the energy supply for all cellular activities.
There are two main pathways for the production of ATP.
One is the production of ATP by the cells containing chloroplasts in plants during the light reaction phase of photosynthesis.
The other is that all living cells can produce ATP through cellular respiration.
Substrate-level Phosphorylation
Substrate-level Phosphorylation is the exergonic hydrolysis of high-energy compounds or ATP synthesis coupled to group transfer. It does not include photosynthetic phosphorylation or ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation in the respiratory chain.
For example, the high-energy phosphate compounds glyceric acid-1,3-bisphosphate and enolpyruvate produced in the glycolytic pathway generate ATP by transfer of high-energy phosphate groups to ADP molecules under the action of enzymes.
Another example is the hydrolysis of the high-energy thioester compound succinyl coenzyme A produced in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to succinic acid by enzymatic action. It also phosphorylates GDP to GTP, which in turn interacts with ADP to generate ATP.
These are all examples of substrate-level phosphorylation. There is no common mechanism of action for substrate-level phosphorylation.
Correct Answer
Below is the correct answer to ATP is Synthesized by Substrate-level Phosphorylation during Which of the following?
- B. glycolysis and the Krebs cycle only
ATP is Synthesized by Substrate-level Phosphorylation during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle only.
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